If you or your partner or both are infected with HIV, you will have to consider very carefully whether to have a child or not. It is good to consult your selected physician, a gynaecologist or possibly a specialist in infections, about all the risks. An infected pregnant woman should receive antiretroviral prophylactics (medications reducing the risk of infection in a newborn). She should avoid breastfeeding. The newborn should be under medical supervision, since it should be tested for HIV several times or may need additional health care.

In the event that a pregnant woman is not infected, partners must consistently and correctly use a condom to prevent potential later infection.